Who is the psychologist known for developing the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

The psychologist known for developing the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is Lev Vygotsky. This concept is fundamental in understanding the cognitive development of children and emphasizes the importance of social interaction in learning. Vygotsky proposed that the ZPD is the range of tasks that a child can perform with the guidance of a more knowledgeable other, such as a teacher or peer, but cannot yet accomplish independently. This idea underscores the role of scaffolding, where educators can support students in achieving tasks that are just beyond their current abilities, thus facilitating deeper learning and cognitive growth.

The other psychologists mentioned have made significant contributions to the field of educational psychology but do not focus specifically on the concept of ZPD. Jean Piaget is known for his stages of cognitive development, Erik Erikson for his psychosocial development stages, and Maria Montessori for her educational philosophy emphasizing independence and respect for a child's natural development. Each of these theorists offers valuable insights, but it is Vygotsky's work that directly addresses the interplay between social interaction and cognitive development through the ZPD.